Most seawall problems start on the land side, where water and soil move through and around the wall. By the time the wall visibly leans, the damage behind it is usually well along. These are the signs worth checking every few months and after every storm.

1. Sinkholes or soft spots near the wall

Soil washing out through joints or cracks leaves hollow spaces behind the wall. Look for depressions in the lawn, sunken pavers or soft ground within a few feet of the cap.

2. Cracks or separation at the cap

The concrete cap ties the wall together. Cracks running along the cap, or a gap opening between the cap and the panels, mean the wall is moving.

3. Water or sand coming through the joints

At low tide, look for wet streaks, sand fans or small channels at the base of the wall. That's material leaving from behind it.

4. Leaning, bowing or panels out of line

Sight down the wall from one end. Any tilt toward the water, or panels stepping out of line, points to pressure behind the wall or failing anchors.

5. Clogged or missing weep holes and rust stains

Weep holes let water drain so pressure doesn't build up. Rust stains can mean the steel inside the concrete is corroding.

What to do next

• Photograph what you see, including a wide shot and close-ups.
• Check your city's seawall height rule before you plan any repair.
• Get it looked at before storm season. It's free.